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AP Chemistry builds students’ understanding of the nature and reactivity of matter. After studying chemical reactions and electrochemistry, students move on to understand how the chemical and physical properties of materials can be explained by the structure and arrangements of the molecules and the forces between those molecules. Students will examine the laws of thermodynamics, molecular collisions, and the reorganization of matter in order to understand how changes in matter take place. Finally, students will explore chemical equilibria, including acid-base equilibria. The equivalent of an introductory college-level chemistry course, AP Chemistry prepares students for the AP exam and for further study in science, health sciences, or engineering.
The AP Chemistry course provides a learning experience focused on allowing students to develop their critical thinking skills and cognitive strategies. Frequent no- and low-stakes assessments allow students to measure their comprehension and improve their performance as they progress through each activity. Students regularly engage with primary source materials, allowing them to practice the critical reading and analysis skills that they will need in order to pass the AP exam and succeed in a college chemistry course. Students perform hands-on labs that give them insight into the nature of science and help them understand chemical concepts, as well as how evidence can be obtained to support those concepts. Students also complete several virtual lab studies in which they form hypotheses; collect, analyze, and manipulate data; and report their findings and conclusions. During both virtual and traditional lab investigations and research opportunities, students summarize their findings and analyze others’ findings in summaries, using statistical and mathematical calculations when appropriate. Summative tests are offered at the end of each unit as well as at the end of each semester, and contain objective and constructed response items. Robust scaffolding, rigorous instruction, relevant material, and regular active learning opportunities ensure that students can achieve mastery of the skills necessary to excel on the AP exam.
This course has been authorized by the College Board® to use the AP designation.
*Advanced Placement® and AP® are registered trademarks and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this product.
Length: Two semesters
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1Unit 6: Intermolecular Forces
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2Lesson 1: Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Solids and Liquids
- Read - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Solids and Liquids: Read about how the properties of solids and liquids are the result of intermolecular forces.
- Quiz - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Solids and Liquids: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Intramolecular Forces versus Intermolecular Forces: Evaluate the classification of a process as a physical change, chemical change, or ambiguous change, based on the distinction between rearrangements of covalent interactions and noncovalent interactions.
- Quiz - Intramolecular Forces versus Intermolecular Forces: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Solubility of Ionic Compounds: Create and interpret representations that link the concept of molarity with particle views of solutions.
- Quiz - Solubility of Ionic Compounds: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Solids and Liquids: Predict properties of substances based on their chemical formulas, and provide explanations of their properties based on particle views.
- Lab - Paper Chromatography: Design and interpret the results of a separation experiment (filtration, paper chromatography, column chromatography, or distillation) in terms of the relative strengths of interactions among the components.
- Explore - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Biological Molecules: Analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by examining scientific evidence.
- Discuss - Paper Chromatography: Discussion, Chromatography
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3Lesson 2: Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Gases
- Read - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Gases: Read about how the properties of gases are the result of intermolecular forces.
- Quiz - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Gases: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Solving Equations Involving Gases: Apply mathematical relationships or estimation to determine macroscopic variables for ideal gases.
- Quiz - Solving Equations Involving Gases: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Gas Behavior: Use the law of conservation of energy to compare the magnitudes of the energy changes occurring in two or more interacting systems.
- Quiz - Gas Behavior: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Gases: Refine multiple representations of a sample of matter in the gas phase to accurately portray the effects of changes in their macroscopic properties.
- Lab - Types of Chemical Reactions: Evaluate the classification of a process as a physical change, chemical change, or ambiguous change, based on both macroscopic observations and the distinction between rearrangements of covalent interactions and noncovalent interactions.
- Discuss - Types of Chemical Reactions: Analyze and evaluate scientific evidence, and communicate and apply the findings.
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4Lesson 3: Intermolecular Forces Wrap-Up
- Test (CS) - Intermolecular Forces Wrap-Up: Take a computer-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
- Test (TS) - Intermolecular Forces Wrap-Up: Take a teacher-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
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5Lesson 1: Reaction Rates
- Read - Reaction Rates: Read about the rate law and its dependence on reactant concentration.
- Quiz - Reaction Rates: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Rate Laws: Use representations of the energy profile for an elementary reaction to make qualitative predictions regarding the relative temperature dependence of the reaction rate.
- Quiz - Rate Laws: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Reactions and Collisions: Analyze concentration-versus-time data to determine the rate law for a zeroth-, first-, or second-order reaction.
- Quiz - Reactions and Collisions: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Reaction Rates: Connect the half-life of a reaction to the rate constant of a first-order reaction, and justify this connection.
- Lab - The Effects of Temperature and Particle Size: Design and interpret the results of an experiment regarding the factors (i.e., temperature, concentration, surface area) that may influence the rate of a reaction.
- Discuss - The Effects of Temperature and Particle Size: Analyze and evaluate scientific evidence, and communicate and apply the findings.
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6Lesson 2: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
- Read - Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis: Read about how rates of chemical reactions are determined by details of the molecular collisions.
- Quiz - Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Reaction Rates and Mechanisms: Translate among reaction energy profile representations, particulate representations, and symbolic representations (chemical equations) of a chemical reaction occurring in the presence and absence of a catalyst.
- Quiz - Reaction Rates and Mechanisms: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Reaction Kinetics: Explain the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions.
- Quiz - Reaction Kinetics: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis: Explain changes in reaction rates arising from the use of acid-base catalysts, surface catalysts, or enzyme catalysts, including selecting appropriate mechanisms with or without the catalyst present.
- Lab - Analyzing Concentration-versus-Time Data: Analyze concentration-versus-time data to determine the rate law for a zeroth-, first-, or second-order reaction.
- Explore - Enzymes as Biological Catalysts: Analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by examining scientific evidence.
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7Lesson 3: Kinetics Wrap-Up
- Test (CS) - Kinetics Wrap-Up: Take a computer-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
- Test (TS) - Kinetics Wrap-Up: Take a teacher-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
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8Lesson 1: General Equilibrium
- Read - General Equilibrium: Read about the details of reactions in equilibrium.
- Quiz - General Equilibrium: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Systems at Equilibrium: Given a set of experimental observations regarding physical, chemical, biological, or environmental processes that are reversible, construct an explanation that connects the observations to the reversibility of the underlying chemical reactions or processes.
- Quiz - Systems at Equilibrium: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Solving Equilibrium Problems: Given a manipulation of a chemical reaction or set of reactions (e.g., reversal of reaction or addition of two reactions), determine the effects of that manipulation on Q or K.
- Quiz - Solving Equilibrium Problems: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - General Equilibrium: Use Le Chatelier's principle to make qualitative predictions for systems in which coupled reactions that share a common intermediate drive the formation of a product.
- Lab - Reversible Reactions: Use Le Chatelier's principle to design a set of conditions that will optimize a desired outcome, such as product yield.
- Explore - Reversible Reactions in Nature: Analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by examining scientific evidence.
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9Lesson 2: Solubility Equilibrium
- Read - Solubility Equilibrium: Read about the role of chemical equilibrium in the solubility of compounds in aqueous solutions.
- Quiz - Solubility Equilibrium: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Salts and Solubility: Characterize changes in matter using visual clues, and then create representations or written descriptions.
- Quiz - Salts and Solubility: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Principles of Equilibrium: Interpret data regarding the relative solubility of salts in terms of factors (e.g., common ions, pH) that influence the solubility.
- Quiz - Principles of Equilibrium: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Solubility Equilibrium: Predict the solubility of a salt, or rank the solubility of salts, given the relevant Ksp values.
- Lab - Solubility Equilibrium: Analyze the enthalpic and entropic changes associated with the dissolution of a salt, using particulate level interactions and representations.
- Discuss - Solubility Equilibrium: Analyze and evaluate scientific evidence, and communicate and apply the findings.
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10Lesson 3: Chemical Equilibrium Wrap-Up
- Test (CS) - Chemical Equilibrium: Take a computer-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
- Test (TS) - Chemical Equilibrium: Take a teacher-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
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11Lesson 1: Acid-Base Equilibria
- Read - Acid-Base Equilibria: Read about the role of equilibrium in acid-base chemistry.
- Quiz - Acid-Base Equilibria: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Solving Acid-Base Equilibrium Problems: Identify a given solution as being the solution of a monoprotic weak acid or base (including salts in which one ion is a weak acid or base), calculate the pH and concentration of all species in the solution, and infer the relative strengths of the weak acids or bases from given equilibrium concentrations.
- Quiz - Solving Acid-Base Equilibrium Problems: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Acids and the Body: Based on the dependence of Kw on temperature, reason that neutrality requires that [H+] = [OH-] as opposed to requiring that pH = 7, and also consider the applications to biological systems.
- Quiz - Acids and the Body: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Acid-Base Equilibria: Generate or use a particulate representation of an acid (strong, weak, or polyprotic) and a strong base to explain the species that will have large versus small concentrations at equilibrium.
- Lab - Acid-Base Titration: Interpret data from an experiment that uses titration to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution.
- Discuss - Acid-Base Titration: Analyze and evaluate scientific evidence, and communicate and apply the findings.
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12Lesson 2: Buffers
- Read - Buffers: Read about the components and resulting properties of buffer solutions.
- Quiz - Buffers: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - Acids and Bases: Relate the predominant form of a chemical species involving a labile proton (i.e. the protonated/deprotonated form of a weak acid) to the pH of a solution and the pKa associated with the labile proton.
- Quiz - Acids and Bases: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Study - The Nature of Acids and Bases: Identify a solution as being a buffer solution, and explain the buffer mechanism in terms of the reactions that would occur upon addition of acid or base.
- Quiz - The Nature of Acids and Bases: Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material.
- Practice - Buffers: Identify a solution as being a buffer solution, and explain the buffer mechanism in terms of the reactions that would occur upon addition of acid or base.
- Lab - Buffers: Design a buffer solution with a target pH and buffer capacity by selecting an appropriate conjugate acid-base pair and estimating the concentrations needed to achieve the desired capacity.
- Explore - The Importance of Buffers in the Body: Analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by examining scientific evidence.
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13Lesson 3: Acid-Base Equilibria Wrap-Up
- Test (CS) - Acid-Base Equilibria Wrap-Up: Take a computer-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
- Test (TS) - Acid-Base Equilibria Wrap-Up: Take a teacher-scored test to assess what you have learned in this unit.
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